翻轉塗色驚嘆號臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:二等獎國立臺南女子高級中學舒宇宸;洪士薰莊沅蓉Thue-Morse Sequence,3-Arithmetic-Progression本作品『翻轉塗色驚嘆號』為2016年國際科展『翻轉塗色』的一般化延伸改進作品。在過去文獻中討論的問題是一列已上色的格子中,估計會有多少個『等間隔而且同色格子」的可能。而本研究所探討的問兩個顏色(以1及0表示,1跟0互為補色),並以Thue-Morse遞迴著色(若B已著色,則接下來的|B|個格子就著上B的補色,其中|B|表示B的格子數),其中每次遞迴時精確的『三個間隔相同而且同色的格子』(本作品稱為3-AP)的精確總數。為了表示方便,我們將著好顏色的格視為一雙色字串。在之前的作品中,我以中心排列手法算出了起始字串為1時每次遞迴的3-AP精確數目。而本作品的突破在我們推廣到對於任意起始字串B,所遞迴產生的Mp(B)字串都能精確算出3-AP總數,其困難點在於歸納不同B之間的共同性。令人驚嘆的是,在遞迴兩次之後,其3-AP增加的數目與B的內容無關,只與B的格子數有關。此為本作之重要定理。除此之外,我也給出依序刪去每次遞迴後所剩下的Mp,q(B)中3-AP總數的公式。其困難點在刪去之後失去了對稱性。在本作品中突破方式是改變中心排列以偏心排列找出基底,並以未定係數法將其3-AP總數找到。而令人驚嘆的地方在於,若同時增加後續字串並同時刪去前方字串,其3-AP增加的數目也與B的內容無關,只與|B|有關。臺灣010005.pdf2017 年數學
多方塊的塗色問題臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立建國高級中學曾俊雄余竑勳多方塊在本篇研究報告中,主要討論一個關於多方塊的問題:給定一個多方塊,試找出n的最小值使得在無限大的棋盤上,可以塗上n種顏色並且使多方塊沿格線無論如何放置,都不會蓋到重複的顏色。一開始先以V形三方塊的情況開始討論,之後將單方塊至五方塊的所有情況都有系統地討論完畢。
為了給出顏色數的估計,考慮同時適用於所有k方塊的情況。也就是說,要找到一個塗上n種顏色的無限棋盤使得無論任一個被選定的多方塊怎麼被放置在棋盤上,都不會覆蓋到相同顏色的格子。本篇研究成功地給出了此問題的精確解。
除了上面一種估計之外,本篇研究也考慮了矩形多方塊的顏色數,並試圖以之給出所有多方塊所需的顏色數之上下界。最後我得到k方塊所需的顏色數至多為8(k+1)2/25.臺灣010009.pdf2017 年數學
魔環臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學楊宗穎;高金美陳麗雯組合設計,標號,Magic Labeling假設G為簡單圖,令V(G)、E(G)分別為G的頂點與邊所形成的集合,|V(G)|與|E(G)|分別代表G的頂點集合與邊集合的元素個數。若u, v?V(G)且u, v有邊相連,則將此邊記為uv?E(G)。對於給定的填單圖G,若存在函數f: V(G)∪E(G)→{1, 2, 3,…, m},其中m=|V(G)|+|E(G)|且函數f滿足下列兩個條件:
(1)f為1-1且映成函數:
(2)對於每個邊uv?E(G),f(u)+f(v)+f(uv)恆為定值T,
則稱函數f為圖G的一個『魔函數』,G為一個具有『魔和』為T的『魔圖』。
在此次研究中,我們證明了下列的結果:
1.任意圈Cn為具有魔和[(5n+4)/2]或[(7n+3)/2]的魔圖;
2.長度為奇數n的圈Cn,其中n≠5,為具有魔和(5n+5)/2的魔圖;
3.長度為n=4t+2(t≧1)的偶圈Cn,為具有魔和(5n+6)/2的魔圖;
4.長度為奇數n的圈Cn外加兩個相鄰的懸掛邊所成為的圖為一個魔圖;
5.三個具有共同端點的n-路徑所形成的圖為一個魔圖。臺灣010023.pdf2017 年數學
動物大"關"園──探討與推廣特定限制下的組合問題臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學林盈宏傅楷容;黃鈺晴定距,排列組合,生成函數將1, 2,…, n依序排成直線,任意取出K個數,取法數即為Ckn,但如果取出的K個數有限制,那問題就會有很多的變化。我們最先探討的是不含定距元素的直線與圓排列的組合問題,先從K中無任兩數相鄰,再將問題一般化成使得K中無任兩數之間隔為m。我們用分割的方法代替多數前人所採用的複雜的遞迴關係,求出取法數。
接著,我們推廣取法的限制,運用排列組合、排容原理、以及生成函數等做法,深入的探討各式各樣的組合數。臺灣010025.pdf2017 年數學
三角形與其外接錐線的生成錐線性質探討臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:三等獎新北市立文山國民中學蕭偉智石博允;錢昀有向線段比值和,二次曲線系,重心座標本研究源自三角形的重心及其外接圓所構作的線段比值的古老幾何性質,我們不但推廣原命題,還創造新命題:給定△ABC與其外接錐線Γ,令直線AG, BG, CG分別交Γ 於 A', B', C' 點,再取任意k值,探討P點集合的性質。
Γ3, k={P|AA'/PA' + BB'/PB' +CC'/PC'=k}
(1)Γ3,k為二次曲線系,其橢圓、拋物線、雙曲線之形態不因k值而改變,而是被外接錐線Γ所決定。
(2)發現△ABC重心 G、Γ中心O、Γ3,k 中心O3,k 的共線性及比例常數。
(3)完整劃分 Γ3,k的非退化與退化型態,並發現只有Γ3,k 為橢圓時,k 值有跳躍現象。
(4) 發現錐線Γ上取相異六點而生成兩個錐線Γ3,k、Π3,k重合的充分條件。
最後,我們以「錐線 Γ 上取一點、兩點到多點」的線性組合手法,推廣多邊形與其外接錐線的生成錐線Γn,k之性質。臺灣010029.pdf2017 年數學
平面圖的四元列表著色臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:一等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學楊宗穎林芮吟平面圖,列表著色,放電論證法給定一個簡單圖G(simple graph ),令V(G)、E(G)分別為G的頂點與邊所形成的集合。對於兩個不同的頂點u, v?V(G),若存在一條邊連結頂點u, v,則將此邊記為uv,以uv?E(G)表示。給定函數f: V(G)→?,若對任意的邊uv?E(G),函數f皆滿足f(u)≠f(v),則稱函數f為圖G的一個著色函數(proper coloring)。對於圖G,任意給定每個頂點v?V(G)一個可用的顏色清單L(v)??,其中清單內各有四個可用顏色(|L(v)|=4 ,每個頂點的顏色清單可以不相同),若總是存在一個著色函數f,滿足?v?V(G),f(v)?L(v),則稱圖G為『可四元列表著色(4-choosable )』。對於平面圖( plane graph),針對長度較小的圈(cycle)進行限制,我們設計充分條件,使得滿足條件的平面圖為可四元列表著色。臺灣010036.pdf2017 年數學
格子直線數與歐拉函數之探討與推廣臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立成淵高級中學林鳳美范谷瑜格子直線,歐拉函數,法里序列本研究在探討過原點且通過特定格子區域格子點的直線數;先討論正方形的區域,發現這樣的直線數與法里序列及歐拉函數有關,並使用這些結果得到三角形區域中的直線數。
接下來,我們將上述問題從正方形區域推廣至高維度的(超)立方體區域,得到欲求的直線數,並介紹四個歐拉函數的推廣形式,其中一種是約當囿互質函數,使用這些函數不僅能簡化計算,更能拓寬歐拉函數的視野。
最後,我們也計算單體區域,即高維度中廣義三角形區域中的直線數,這些結果成為法里序列的推廣形式,而我們所獲得的公式可以藉由第一類斯特林數表示。臺灣010039.pdf2017 年數學
故態復「蒙」,「日」新月異-Monge's theorem的性質探討與推廣臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立麗山高級中學林永發;吳采玲郭品辰;盧冠綸;陳祥恩蒙日定理,射影幾何,共點共線本研究以蒙日定理「平面上三圓彼此的外公切線交點共線」及其對偶定理「平面上三圓彼此的內公切線交點與另一圓的圓心的連線共點」出發,探討三圓更多由內、外公切線所產生的共點共線性質,進而探討四圓以上的情形,以及正多邊形、圓錐曲線等位似圖形,並推廣至空間中的球體。正如本研究作品名稱,我們將鮮少人研究的蒙日定理萌發出新枝,在日夜中茁壯,甚至最後有驚人的發現「在空間中n個外離的球,任意1個球的球心與另n-1個球的蒙日點連線會共交一點,此點稱之為n球的蒙日點」,此「點」發現,讓人不禁對宇宙中星體之間的關係產生更多無限的想像。臺灣010040.pdf2017 年數學
透明有機發光元件臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學大會獎:一等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學汪根欉;江慧玉陳怡臻;吳允晴發光材料,有機發光二極體,透明顯示器本研究以熱激活化延遲螢光(Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, TADF)材料之第三代有機發光二極體(OLED)為主軸,利用?啶(acridine)作為電子予體、間位及臨位之雙CN苯環(phenylene, Ph)為電子受體,透過有機合成製備DMAC-m2CNPh及DMAC-o2CNPh分子。此外,我們檢測發現DMAC-o2CNPh具有極高的外部量子效率,並將此分子結合透明電極,經由熱蒸鍍製作出透明有機發光元件,探討元件的放光效率及應用性。本研究製作出吸光波長在可見光範圍外的分子,因此蒸鍍在透明基板上後可製作出透明的有機發光元件。將研究成果能應用在生活中,如展示櫥窗顯示新聞、汽車玻璃作為顯示器等,以期能夠提升生活的便利性及運用性。臺灣030010.pdf2017 年化學
ELISA-SERS分析法應用於檢測卵巢癌前驅因子-結合球蛋白臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立中山女子高級中學江建文;陸仲文許維芳;許維真酵素連結免疫吸附分析法,表面增強拉曼光譜,結合球蛋白本科展在於改良鋰電池正極材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的物理性質及電化學性質。一般商業化的粉體材料,通常經由傳統的固態混合法,將Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2與Li2CO3混合燒結而產生的材料粉體,此粉體呈現不規則的粒子形態及表面結晶顆粒不均。一般來?,不規則粒子內部有嚴重的結塊與橋構,這現象導致粉體有很多空隙及流動性不佳。此外,球狀粉體比不規則狀粉體容易覆膜均勻。因此球狀結構將變成一個改善材料粉體LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的期望方法,本科展利用共沉澱法製備球狀先驅物Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2,然後再比較傳統的固態混合法,與本科展設計的溶液分散法及共沉析出法,三種不同方法所製備出來的粉體材料的優劣性,經過實驗證實,共沉析出法所製備出來的材料粉體,有最好的電容量與大電流放電能力及循環壽命,是個良好的改善材料的方法;反觀溶液分散法,不但材料沒有改善,反而造成更多的缺陷。臺灣030013.pdf2017 年化學
不同形態鈀金奈米觸媒的探討及對直接乙醇燃料電池的應用臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學大會獎:四等獎屏東縣立枋寮高級中學李承典;張簡琦麗陳映沂;陳姿鳳鈀金奈米觸媒,乙醇燃料電池,循環伏安法本實驗成功在水相以及相對低溫中合成均一度高的鈀金奈米觸媒,並藉由引入不同比例的界面活性劑到合成系統中,來促使不同形態的鈀金奈米觸媒生成。此種奈米觸媒於不同成分比例下可產生相異之催化表現,且具長時間穩定的優點,故為具潛力的燃料電池觸媒。
實驗過程除了探討不同形態的鈀金奈米觸媒的合成外,並進行CO電氧化、乙醇電氧化以及長時間穩定測試。由合成的結果可得知,不同比例的CTAB及CTAC搭配可以得到合金或核殼結構的鈀金奈米觸媒;電催化實驗中,首先藉由CO吸脫附電氧化求得觸媒的活性表面積後,再進行乙醇電氧化測試,進而發現以核殼AuPd為1:1活性表現最佳,較商用Pd觸媒高約4.09倍;長時間穩定測試中AuPd核殼觸媒比商用Pd觸媒有有約16倍的穩定度及容忍力的提升。本研究結果有助進一步利用鈀金觸媒改善純鈀在進行乙醇燃料電池上的應用。臺灣030015.pdf2017 年化學
你在看哪裡--蝌蚪眼睛位置及其視野之研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年動物學大會獎:一等獎臺北市立麗山高級中學林獻升;林思民覃文榆;欒晴宇蝌蚪,眼睛位置,視野範圍陸域草食性動物的眼居於頭兩側,有較寬的單眼視野以便於逃避攻擊;而肉食性動物的眼居於頭前方,立體視覺較佳,有較好的距離感以捕捉獵物。我們利用Geogebra軟體分析台灣33種蝌蚪頭部影像資料,定位出每種蝌蚪眼睛的相對位置,並以數學幾何方式描繪眼睛的視野範圍。
我們發現蝌蚪眼睛位置可依兩眼距離分為“側位”(23%)、“背側位”(67%)及“背位”(10%) 三種型態。側位兩眼距較大,背位兩眼距較小。蝌蚪眼睛視野則可分為“前視型”(42%)及“側視型”(58%) 二種型態,前視型雙眼視覺區較大,側視型視野範圍較廣。我們將眼睛位置與視野範圍的數據與蝌蚪的棲息環境、食性種類及演化分類等進行相關分析,結果發現:1.眼睛位置與棲息環境有相關,棲息越接近水面,為「側位」;棲息越接近水底或是密閉空間,為「背位」。2.視野範圍與食性種類有相關, 肉食性蝌蚪雙眼視覺角度較大,濾食性整體視野較廣。3.眼睛型態與物種演化關係大部分相符合,同一屬且生態棲位相似者,蝌蚪眼睛型態會相似,如台灣狹口蛙科Microhyla屬4種蝌蚪都是側位型;樹蛙科Kurixalus屬的3種蝌蚪都是背位型;但有些例外,如面天樹蛙眼位與同屬艾氏樹蛙不同,可能與生態棲位不同,而演化成不同的眼位有關。臺灣050001.pdf2017 年動物學
中樞神經節對美洲蟑螂步足反射的影響臺灣國際科展作品2017 年動物學大會獎:四等獎新北市立土城國民中學徐碧穗;蔡任圃曹靖妤美洲蟑螂,反射作用,中樞神經節本研究透過測量美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)後足反射之程度與耗時等參數,探討中樞神經系統中各神經節在後足反射所扮演的角色。我們發現腦神經節對於反射作用有抑制與整合的效應,前胸神經節會增強反射,而後足的反射中樞位於中胸神經節與後胸神經節,腹部神經節則會抑制反射。本研究以電池座、釘書針與網路攝影機等簡單器材觀察、量化昆蟲足部反射運動,可推廣成國中生物中「反射」相關課程之行為觀察的探討活動。此外本研究也透過步足肌肉的肌肉電位圖(electromyography, EMG)記錄,證實了腦神經節在步足反射過程中具有調控功能。本研究的成果可應用在仿生醫療上,有助於術後復健或輔具製造的相關研究。臺灣050007.pdf2017 年動物學
內皮素對稻田魚(Oryzias latipes)胚胎適應酸環境之調節臺灣國際科展作品2017 年動物學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學陳怡旴;黃鵬鵬鄭安琪;陳韻如內皮素,稻田魚,酸調節哺乳類的內皮素(endothelin-1 ; EDN1)與其受體endothelin receptor B己知可共同參與腎臟排酸功能之調節,在魚類的表現上,亦有研究指出EDN1會影響到斑馬魚的排酸。本研究中以廣鹽性魚種稻田魚(Oryzias latipes)仔魚為實驗對象,經6小時以上時間酸處理後其體表排酸量皆顯著增強,且經6小時酸處理後,仔魚rhcg1及內皮素受體EDNRA2的基因表現量也顯著增加,並發現當弱化(knockdown)仔魚的endothelin-1基因後,其體表排酸量顯著下降,證實endothelin-1對仔魚排酸作用有直接的影響。而當仔魚endothelin-1的基因表現被抑制後,其離子細胞密度以及離子通道蛋白基因表現不受影響,推測內皮素並非以增加離子細胞的方式影響排酸,而是藉由轉譯後調控途徑,使其排酸功能增強。另外本研究中再將6小時及7天酸處理實驗結果比對後,推測當稻田魚仔魚面臨短期或長期酸環境刺激時,內皮素調節機制亦略有不同。臺灣050012.pdf2017 年動物學
粟之高禾─探討小米不為人知的耐鹽機密臺灣國際科展作品2017 年植物學大會獎:一等獎臺南市私立德光高級中學
國立臺南女子高級中學江芝韻;鄭楷騰巴洛克;王定澤;楊茜雯小米,逆境,耐鹽隨著全球氣候變遷,能在極端環境下生存的作物,是未來農業的救命藥。原住民種植的小米,具有在嚴苛環境下生長的特性。比較小米和水稻在鹽逆境的生長狀況,發現小米的根長、葉長及側根生長狀況都比水稻來的好,且小米具有花青素累積的現象。氣孔方面,小米在0.15%鹽濃度就能關閉氣孔,水稻則需到0.3%鹽濃度才會關閉。透過生化分析,發現小米在鹽逆境下抗氧化酵素與澱粉?的活性皆比水稻高,此外小米亦能在鹽逆境下累積較多的脯胺酸與維他命C,藉此提升小米的耐鹽能力。我們另比較小米與水稻對於淹水逆境的耐受性,結果顯示水稻在淹水逆境下地上部與地下部的生長狀況皆比小米佳,而淹水三天的小米仍無法在植株內累積脯胺酸來對抗淹水逆境,但外加脯胺酸卻能有效提升小米耐淹能力,另外水稻能透過形成通氣組織來增加淹水逆下根部的氣體交換,並能透過外加鈣離子來增加通氣組織的面積,但在小米則無此機制。透過實驗能讓我們了解作物抵抗逆境機制的優劣,期待未來能將結果運用於氣候變遷下的作物育種,造福全人類。臺灣060002.pdf2017 年植物學
利用混沌系統偵測植物覺知人體之反應臺灣國際科展作品2017 年植物學大會獎:四等獎國立臺南第一高級中學
國立臺南女子高級中學郭人仲;楊志鴻楊承遠;林又暄植物電容,混沌系統,蔡氏電路本研究證明用手觸摸植物或土壤時,會造成處於混沌狀態的蔡氏電路發生電位相圖的改變,經由微調並聯在模擬線路電源端的可變電容來比對相變過程,可以測量到非常微小的等效電容變化量。不同於傳統透過改變電阻來實現混沌行為的方法,證實本研究假設確實存在且具應用價值。
我們透過改變電極接點、電路初始狀態、人體靠近或觸摸不同部位等方式,探討兩種植物因微擾所產生的相變。結果發現微擾植物與其棲地時會產生「混沌制抑」的現象,整體系統的電容變動範圍界於0到100pF之間。更重要的是,本方法還可以偵測到微擾遠端植物時經根系及土壤同步產生的電容變化訊號,這是一般電容計所感測不到的。
利用混沌行為的特性,可以應用於偵測與分析生物體或宇宙間微弱且複雜的訊號,不需經由訊號轉換或放大等的處理程序,是本研究的重大發現,未來極具發展潛力。臺灣060011.pdf2017 年植物學
文心蘭LhPRS基因參與花被發育調控之功能分析臺灣國際科展作品2017 年植物學大會獎:三等獎國立臺中女子高級中學楊長賢;呂億真陳佳平文心蘭,PRS基因,花被發育為了找出調控蘭花花瓣與唇瓣分化的基因,本研究分析文心蘭品系檸檬文心花瓣與唇瓣轉錄體之次世代高通量定序資料庫,篩選出一PRESSED FLOWER (PRS) 同源基因,命名為LhPRS。為了驗證LhPRS基因於花被之表現量,透過qRT-PCR分析,顯示LhPRS基因表現量集中在唇瓣,而在花萼與花瓣表現量較低,推測LhPRS對調控唇瓣發育有其重要性。為了進行後續基因功能性的分析,自唇瓣的cDNA選殖出LhPRS之編碼區序列,包含606個鹼基對,可轉譯出201個胺基酸。透過兩種不同系統之病毒誘導基因靜默技術,分析LhPRS基因表現被抑制時對文心蘭花朵發育之影響。結果發現當LhPRS基因在唇瓣表現量受到明顯抑制時,將使文心蘭花朵唇瓣形態產生變異而失去兩側對稱性,顯示LhPRS基因具有調控文心蘭唇瓣形態的分化並維持花被生長對稱性的功能。此研究發現將有助於應用在蘭花產業對花型調控與改造的需求上。臺灣060013.pdf2017 年植物學
阿拉伯芥茉莉酸結合?FIN219參與生物韻律變化之研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年植物學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學謝旭亮;陳怡旴楊佩蓁FIN219,生物韻律,茉莉酸生物韻律與植物許多生長過程息息相關,其機制是生物學中重要的研究主題。FIN219能夠活化茉莉酸,進而引發植物對於逆境的防禦能力,也參與了藍光的訊息傳遞鏈,與植物的開花有關聯,其表現在長日照環境下也具有以24小時為週期的變化,因此很有可能參與了生物韻律的調控。本研究以GUS染色、西方墨點法與RT-PCR進行實驗,發現阿拉伯芥的FIN219基因與其蛋白質進入照光期後表現量會增加,進入黑暗期則會減少,此生物韻律也會受到外加JA與JA合成抑制劑DIECA的影響。再以RT-PCR比較生物韻律相關基因在野生種與剔除FIN219基因的突變株中的表現,也發現FIN219基因沒有表現時,相關基因TIC、TOC1、CAB2、CAB3、RBCS-1A和JAZ1表現的生物韻律會減弱。因此可知FIN219不但能夠增進植物的防禦能力,其引發的訊息傳遞也參與了生物韻律的調控機制。臺灣060018.pdf2017 年植物學
新興汙染物銦對阿拉伯芥生長之影響 Physiological and Molecular Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Indium Exposure臺灣國際科展作品2017 年植物學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立麗山高級中學葉國楨;林獻升廖云琪;賴玠淳阿拉伯芥,銦,X光吸收光譜銦之化合物常被應用於半導體產業當中,隨著使用量的增加也提高銦污染流佈於環境的風險,若此污染物流布至土壤並累積於植物體內,則可能通過食物鏈而影響人體的健康。現今國內外鮮少有銦對植物影響的相關研究,因此本研究以培養基試驗,探討銦對模式植物阿拉伯芥生長之影響。結果顯示,當銦處理濃度為500 ?M時,其生質量以及根長會受到抑制。MDA含量的增加,顯示銦會對阿拉伯芥造成氧化逆境,而穀胱甘?與金屬螯合素並非阿拉伯芥在銦逆境下主要的抗氧化機制。本研究亦發現銦處理下會影響對錳、鉀、鈉、磷、鐵、錳、銅以及鋅的吸收。此外,X光吸收光譜分析顯示根部以及地上部中銦物種有明顯組成上的差異。於根部有42.9%的銦是以吸附於細胞壁的形式存在,這可視為植物對重金屬所採取「隔離」策略的防禦方式之一。臺灣060020.pdf2017 年植物學
除油利器,天然的最好 -- 環境中具降解油汙能力之微生物研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年微生物學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立麗山高級中學吳蕙芬;郭瓊華林筠倩嗜油菌,降解,油汙目前研究的嗜油菌主要是分解石油(碳氫化合物),不過從生活中所排出的油(三酸甘油酯),也是一大污染源。本研究目的為篩選可分解三酸甘油酯之微生物,並探討其特性及降解油污的能力。從有油污的環境分離出三種對於日常生活中的油污具降解效果的菌株,利用16S ribosomal RNA gene進行菌種分析鑑定為Ralstonia sp.TFD41、Pseudomonas putida strain II-B、Sphingomonas sp.NC110。Ralstonia sp.TFD41較佳的生長環境為30℃、pH8,偏鹼,革蘭氏陰性菌;Pseudomonas putida strain II-B較佳的生長環境為30℃、pH6-10,偏鹼,革蘭氏陰性菌;Sphingomonas sp. NC110最佳生長環境為30℃、pH4-8,偏酸,革蘭氏陰性菌。而菌種在炸時越長的油中生長情形越差。而在家庭污水中的生長菌數最多的為Sphingomonas sp.NC110M。放入1000ppm油的培養基中,以Sphingomonas sp.NC110的降解油污的能力為最佳、Ralstonia sp.TFD41的降解速度最快。在家庭汙水中Ralstonia sp.TFD41 + Pseudomonas putida strain II-B的生長狀況最穩定。未來預期能培養嗜油菌,將其放回環境中,降解環境中的油汙,以減少油汙對於環境的汙染,還給生物乾淨的生活環境。臺灣070005.pdf2017 年微生物學
迪化汙水處理廠降解雌激素之菌種純化臺灣國際科展作品2017 年微生物學大會獎:二等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學江殷儒;賴廷倫李語珊;張雅鈞雌激素,迪化汙水處理廠雌激素為一種固醇類的環境賀爾蒙,若水生動物長時間暴露於低濃度的雌激素中,即會導致其生理及行為異常。我們企圖從迪化汙水處理廠中分離純化出能有效降解雌激素之菌株,希冀了解這些菌株的生理特性與降解雌激素的能力。首先在活性污泥中加入高濃度雌二醇(1mM),以增進雌激素降解菌在菌群中的比例,接著利用十倍序列稀釋進行菌株純化。培養期間以薄層層析檢測雌激素降解活性。隨後以固態培養基培養法取得單一菌落,並進行聚合?連鎖反應及核酸定序。之後我們亦將純化出之菌株進行其他固醇降解測定。目前純化出一株Novosphingobium屬的變形菌,其為一新的菌種,確實能降解雌二醇及其他固醇,包含雌酮、雄烯二酮、膽酸、孕酮和睪酮。然而,其並不能降解乙炔雌二醇。該菌株具有修復受汙染環境及製備雌激素相關藥品之應用潛力。臺灣070008.pdf2017 年微生物學
以蛋白質體學方法鑑定人類肝癌細胞經蕾莎瓦治療之預後的潛力生物標記 Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Treated with Sorafenib臺灣國際科展作品2017 年生物化學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學周綠蘋;陳怡旴闕嘉儀;顏均蓉肝癌,生物標記,蕾莎瓦肝癌是死亡率極高的癌症。目前並無非侵入性方法判斷標靶藥物治療效果。蕾莎瓦(Sorafenib)是一種使用於肝癌晚期治療的標靶藥物,但有些病患在治療過程中會出現抗藥性,因此可預測蕾莎瓦治療效果的生物標記相當重要。
血液中的生物標記可及時追蹤疾病進展與預後之評估。本實驗利用質譜法鑑定分析在肝癌細胞(HuH7)中加入蕾莎瓦模擬治療後肝癌的分子機轉,並透過生物資訊軟體了解蛋白質在HuH7細胞中所扮演的角色。我們發現Galectin-3 和HMGB1可能參與腫瘤細胞的增生和遷移,以西方墨點法觀察其表現量,發現Galectin-3 和HMGB1在受到藥物處理後,表現量皆有下降的情形。
蕾莎瓦可抑制B-RAF激?進而阻斷MAPK pathway。MAPK pathway又可分成ERKs、JNKs和p38/SAPKs三類。為確認Galectin-3之訊息傳遞路徑,將蕾莎瓦和ERK抑制劑處理細胞,發現Galectin-3的表現量隨著時間而下降,證實Galectin-3的表現會受到ERK路徑調控。 Galectin-3與 HMGB1是極具潛力的生物標記可應用於蕾莎瓦的治療,希望這些生物標記可以應用在臨床上。臺灣080001.pdf2017 年生物化學
幾丁寡醣對藍光LED造成視網膜色素上皮細胞傷害的保護作用 The protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on blue light LED induced retinal pigment epithelial cell damage臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學大會獎:一等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學楊長豪;陳怡旴黃筱涵視網膜色素上皮細胞(retinal pigment epithelial cell),藍光(blue light),轉錄因子NF-κB (transcription factor nuclear factor-κB)3C產品及LED燈多以藍光照明,長期照射易導致視網膜黃斑部病變。其作用機轉是藍光引起視網膜細胞過氧化物質 (ROS)增加,造成細胞的氧化壓力進而引發細胞凋亡。幾丁寡醣 (Chitosan oligosaccharides, COS) 藉由減少自由基產生和抑制轉錄因子NF-κB傳導路徑而有抗氧化及抗凋亡的作用。
本研究以ARPE-19細胞株,在添加不同濃度的COS下,經照射LED藍光處理後,分析色素上皮細胞活性、ROS表現量及細胞凋亡情形,並透過PCR、西方墨點法、JC-1及免疫螢光染色分析作用機轉。實驗證實COS能抑制過氧化物質 (ROS)的產生,減少視網膜色素上皮細胞因藍光所造成的細胞凋亡。PCR和西方墨點法的結果顯示COS可以抑制發炎介質HO-1、iNOS、Caspase-3、Bcl-2、ERK,及基因iNOS、MCP-1的產生。免疫螢光染色顯示COS能抑制NF-kB核易位。總結來說,COS能藉由抑制NF-kB的活性,減少其下游基因的表現量,降低細胞氧化壓力和發炎反應來避免視網膜色素上皮細胞損傷。COS在臨床上有潛力成為一種預防LED藍光造成視網膜傷害的有效保健食品。臺灣090006.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
葉酸缺乏及葉酸補充調控乳癌細胞轉化成癌幹細胞並促進體外腫瘤形成臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學大會獎:三等獎臺北美國學校Jude Clapper黃得嘉葉酸缺乏及補充,乳癌幹細胞,腫瘤球生長研究指出葉酸營養狀態與乳癌的風險有相互關聯且癌幹細胞是扮演癌症轉移的主要角色。葉酸缺乏和葉酸補充皆能促進癌細胞的轉移。本研究探討葉酸營養不良和葉酸補充是否會促進乳腺癌細胞轉變成癌幹細胞,將乳癌細胞株養於正常葉酸、低葉酸和高葉酸中,藉以模仿癌症病人的葉酸營養狀態。細胞在每個葉酸濃度中培養2、 4 、 8 天後再培養於腫瘤球體培養液中並測量四種幹細胞標記-mTOR,SHH,Sox2和Nanog。結果顯示:低葉酸會導致癌細胞的生長停滯,藉由標記的表達增加顯示長期低葉酸會促進細胞轉變成癌幹細胞。於腫瘤球體培養液時,低葉酸組亦較對照組於體外產生較大及較多的腫瘤球。高葉酸組會加速癌細胞的增殖和向癌幹細胞的轉變且細胞增生較快並表達較多的標記,其腫瘤球體亦是最大和豐富的。總之,低葉酸和高葉酸都增強了乳腺癌細胞的腫瘤生成和轉變成癌幹細胞。臺灣090010.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
魚腥草對攝護腺癌及胰臟癌之影響臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立中山女子高級中學陳晏如;李明學黃鈺雯;黃品瑄魚腥草,癌症,蛋白?治療癌症通常以化學治療為大宗,但化療會帶來副作用,因此目前研究以溫和草藥來取代化療。在治療癌症時,癌症轉移會使病人存活率下降,因此如果找到能抑制癌症轉移的藥物,就能提高病人的存活率,而在癌症轉移機制中,癌細胞要轉移時會分泌蛋白?,降解基底膜和細胞外間質,使癌細胞轉移出原位組織。本研究聚焦於魚腥草是否能抑制攝護腺癌細胞及胰臟癌細胞侵襲其他組織、降低基質金屬蛋白?(matrix metalloproteinase;以下簡稱MMP)的基因量及活性及降低細胞中尿激?型纖溶?原激活劑(urokinase plasminogen activator ;以下簡稱uPA)表現量。根據實驗結果,魚腥草可能藉由降低MMP的基因量以抑制攝護腺癌細胞的侵襲能力及遷移能力,但抑制胰臟癌細胞MMP的活性不是藉由降低MMP的基因量,且魚腥草並不會降低兩種癌細胞的uPA表現量,但由於先前加了HCE的癌細胞轉移能力下降,因此我們認為魚腥草在不影響癌細胞的生長下,仍然可抑制兩種癌細胞的轉移能力。臺灣090012.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
探討rVP1在肺癌細胞上Integrin路徑及Wnt/β-catenin路徑的作用機制臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學陳怡旴;楊淑美黃郁晴rVP1,Integrin路徑,Wnt/β-catenin路徑經基因重組技術純化的口蹄疫病毒鞘蛋白rVP1被證實在癌細胞內會經由Integrin路徑對癌細胞的轉移及凋亡產生影響。本研究所探討的是rVP1對肺癌幹細胞H1299及肺癌細胞A549中Integrin路徑與Wnt/β-catenin路徑的作用機制,目的除了要了解兩路徑在肺癌細胞中的影響,也希望能找出兩路徑的交互作用機制。
本研究發現肺癌幹細胞H1299中β-catenin會因加入rVP1而表現量下降,與肺癌細胞不同;肺癌細胞A549中Wnt/β-catenin路徑上游的膜上受體Frizzled-8因rVP1作用而表現量下降;而不論在肺癌幹細胞H1299及肺癌細胞A549中Grb2都不會因rVP1作用而表現量有所改變;Wnt/β-catenin路徑下游產物MIG-7則會因加入Wnt3aligand而表現量下降。
由實驗結果推測癌症幹細胞本身與癌細胞特性不同,可能使得Wnt/β-catenin路徑產生的效果不同;Grb2的變化量則需要更多實驗求證。Integrin路徑會影響到Wnt/β-catenin路徑的上游生成,兩者確實有相互影響。臺灣090017.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
以線蟲動物模式評估漸凍人症之運動障礙臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學大會獎:四等獎國立臺南第一高級中學邱文泰;林靜吟陳俊鴻;黃鈞郅;黃亮鈞漸凍人症,線蟲,BLMP-1本研究探討TDP-43突變之漸凍人症(ALS)線蟲模式中的BLMP-1與其運動障礙之間的關係。在ALS患者的運動神經元內,Fas 訊息途徑活化之ASK1激?被證實會導致軸突運輸障礙。在長壽漿細胞中,有研究發現BLIMP1可調控ASK1之表現。因此,本研究推測在TDP-43突變線蟲運動神經元中,BLMP-1(人類BLIMP1之同源蛋白質)會降低NSY-1(人類ASK1之同源蛋白質)表現,間接證明提升BLMP-1量有助改善癱瘓症狀。
本研究藉降低NSY-1表現的方式,分析線蟲之癱瘓程度與運動動能驗證Fas訊息途徑在線蟲中亦對運動功能障礙有顯著促進,確認其作為本研究模式生物之合理性。此外,將其側腹神經索中的BLMP-1表現量下降,發現其運動功能急遽惡化。最後將兩基因之表現量下降,則運動功能改善。
本研究首度證實線蟲之BLMP-1能有效的阻礙NSY-1所造成之運動障礙,且降低BLMP-1表達量會加劇其癱瘓症狀。此研究之發現對SOD1突變引起的ALS治療提供一個新研究方向及治癒的可能性。臺灣090018.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
使用機械手臂實現黑白棋之人機對弈臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立內湖高級工業職業學校陳昭安;陳永華邱奕凱;黃一烜;鄧絜陽黑白棋,機械手臂,人工智慧由工業4.0智慧生產的啟發,建構機械手臂進行人工智慧黑白棋之對弈系統,透過視訊分析棋面資料,輸入人工智慧黑白棋遊戲判斷。依據結果指揮機械手臂進行落子、取子的動作,人機對奕過程亦會判斷有無不合理的地方,以維持棋奕的規則公平。擷取雲端攝影機的盤面影像,使用霍夫找圓演算法取得棋目位置,透過彩度與明度分析黑子、白子或無子,黑白棋AI程式再透過遊戲樹演算決定落子、取子位置。透過畢氏定理及餘弦定理將棋子位置的立體座標轉成工具座標,再傳送至主控伺服器以指揮機械手臂進行正確的動作。透過減輕重量及使用彈力平衡力矩改善,機械手臂可改善硬體準確度,重現率測試達85%以上。黑白棋AI程式棋力可以與黑白棋app的3級力敵。視訊判斷棋局在調整適當彩度明度後可達100%正確率。透過演算法指揮機器手臂下棋,棋局中完成正確動作可達80%以上的成功率。臺灣100003.pdf2017 年工程學
主動式車門安全開啟裝置臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:三等獎國立臺灣師範大學附屬高級中學黃裕修崔立言車門安全開啟,主動式,阻尼器根據我國警政署統計,現今由於汽車駕駛人或乘客因為開車門不慎而導致的車禍致傷或致死的悲慘案例幾乎天天都在發生,嚴重影響了道路行車安全,更造成寶貴人命的無謂損失以及社會成本的慘痛付出。本研究主要目的係針對防止此類車禍一再發生,利用超音波測距模組、Arduino晶片模組做為處理系統,除現有閃燈、蜂鳴等被動裝置外,加上了主動式阻尼制動器,主動防止車門在機車騎士經過時被推開,以達到避免這種意外一再發生的效益。本研究發現採用傳統液壓式阻尼器成效良好,但是近一步改採磁性流體填充之阻尼器之成效仍有待改進。臺灣100013.pdf2017 年工程學
紙電路印刷機研發及其運用於教學之可行性分析臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:一等獎高雄市私立中山高級工商職業學校楊鎮澤;宋由禮葉家宇印刷,影像處理,紙電路本研究為紙電路印刷機之研發,我們將紙當成電路板的基材,以銅箔與銀箔為佈線的導電材料,透過自行開發的機台研究銅箔與銀箔在製作時,所需的時間、溫度、壓力、印刷電路完成度、耐流值與耐熱值等因素,來驗證我們研發的紙電路印刷機適合用於學校實習課程教學,培養學生LAYOUT的能力,同時也在獲得數值曲線的關係式之後,再加以製作更大作業面積的機台,以期能製作出更大的電路,而整個研究除了自行開發儀器及數據驗證外,亦可以把學生實習課程融入環境保護的概念以及文創商品整合的知識。臺灣100016.pdf2017 年工程學
Creating a Portable Optical Sectioning Microscope for Smartphones with Three Dimensional Viewing Function臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學朱士維;邱莉華梁靖妮Optical Sectioning,3D,Smartphone Microscope本作品首先證明了HiLo應用在散射光影像的可行性。目前看到有關HiLo的論文都只有提及收集螢光訊號,沒有看到有用在散射光訊號的收集上。本實驗透過架設自製原型機,證明HiLo的原理也能夠應用在散射光上,大幅提升HiLo光切片的深度與廣度。再者,本作品將自行撰寫之App結合雲端運算。再經過驗證後確認處理出來的影像是正確的影像。不僅加速影像處理流程,而且使用者只需攜帶手機便可立即看到處理出來的成果。接著,利用3D列表機自製具有光切片功能的手機顯微鏡實體。將原型機微小化並與日常生活常見的手機結合,讓使用者方便使用的同時也實現經濟便利性。最後,實現影像立體化,利用光切片的影像能使得原本平面的2D影像,可以呈現3D的立體化影像。臺灣100018.pdf2017 年工程學
獵能系統與整流天線(Energy harvesting with rectenna system)臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立麗山高級中學張堯卿林容緣;劉祖禕獵能系統,整流天線,電波產能從資訊革命後,為了使資訊更快速地傳遞,無線電波已成為我們生活上無法割捨的一部分。無論身處何處,我們日常生活已被無線區域網路(WLAN)、廣播以及蜂巢式行動通信基地台(Cell site),甚至包括變壓器和日光燈管等所釋放各種各式波段及能量的無線電波包圍,但由於這些電波並非無時無刻地在通訊,以及基地台並非隨時都處於高負載狀態,加上其服務對象可能僅處於基地台覆蓋範圍之某一區域,因此無法被完全地利用,而損失了需多能量。有鑑於此,我們希望設計一組結合天線及整流器之整流天線(Rectenna -rectifying antenna)為主體之獵能系統(Energy Harvesting System),以環境中的電磁波訊號作為我們獵能的目標,收集未被利用之電波後轉換為直流電(DC)。目前實驗初步成果對於環境中之無線電獵能平均電壓可達474毫伏,最高峰可達1330毫伏。未來可應用於擁有低功耗特點之物聯網(IOT)裝置上,在顧及環保節能的同時,達到自我供電的目的。臺灣100022.pdf2017 年工程學
行動工具鼠臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:三等獎高雄市立左營高級中學吳妙欣;許時嘉孫瑜鎂滑鼠,測距器,APP滑鼠的問世是電腦史上的重大發展,其關鍵設計是以編解碼技術與影像辨識技術,來判斷滑鼠的移動與方向。本作品「行動工具鼠」的最初設計構想是利用滑鼠滾輪滾動的編碼機構與技術,應用圓周運動相對於距離移動的概念,再將滑鼠滾輪的圓周長,乘以滑鼠滾輪轉動圈?,即可得知滾動的距離;若再以單位時間,除以當下所移動的距離,即可得知即時的移動速度。作品更新版,第二代的設計策略,是利用滑鼠內光學鏡頭IC,以非接觸的方式來偵測滑鼠移動的距離。目前最新的設計,是以無線滑鼠,接上手持式行動裝置,搭配自行設計的APP程式,以相對滑鼠移動的概念,來偵測滑鼠的移動方向,以及滑鼠移動軌跡的座標變化量,即可得知滑鼠實際的移動的距離。以此設計與應用,可以完全取代市售測距輪的所有功能,成為日常生活中便利且實用的好工具。臺灣100027.pdf2017 年工程學
電場中的小晶靈-高電壓電場中液滴的結晶現象臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學大會獎:二等獎國立高雄師範大學附屬高級中學許峰銘吳珮瑜電場(Electric field),結晶(Crystal),液滴(Droplets)本研究設計相機-顯微鏡-玻璃座平行銅片電場裝置,拍攝鹽類液滴在高電壓電場中的結晶現象,並以色階曲線為基礎,發展出SCL值,來偵測晶體表面的性質。實驗先找到能讓晶體成長趨向單顆且高透明的條件為:加蓋(低蒸發速率)、過濾、無施加電場與低熱LED光源。並應用蒸發速率差異,發現食鹽晶體的變速成長現象。蒸發快會形成階梯螺旋紋,蒸發慢,紋路消失,變成全透明晶體。將這裝置轉放在高電壓電場下可發現:晶體形狀發生改變(晶體傾斜或碎晶),透光度變差(SCL值變小),可觀察到新生晶體邊緣,有條狀暗紋出現,但晶體成長速率變化不大。鹽晶析出反應會因些微的外在變化,而影響溶液中離子堆疊,在晶體表面出現陰影或不規則紋路。這種對外在環境有著高度反應的現象,可以透過反應位能曲線圖來解釋,正可以用來研究外界高壓電場如何對物質發生影響。臺灣100030.pdf2017 年工程學
公益是否有價?── 論消費者背景變項與公益商品之關聯臺灣國際科展作品2017 年行為與社會科學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學范禎娠張晏寧;林芊利他,公益,價差消費者對於公益商品的訂價看法為何?利他行為會不會有價差?本研究採取隨機分派之問卷研究法,調查板橋車站內受試者所認為的合理公益餅乾售價。問卷分為兩個模組,分別為公益餅乾與非公益餅乾,消費者填答自己所認為的合理價格,並同時填寫性別、年齡、教育程度等等基本資料。
研究者將600份問卷排除遺漏值後,以584份數據資料進行迴歸分析。分析結果指出,年齡介於21到30歲之間的青年,最不願意為公益理念付出金錢,同時,教育程度越高以及感情狀態處於單身者也不願意為公益理念付出價差,而整體來說,受試者公益與非公益模組間的價差大約為平均價格的百分之十。研究者對此四項主要發現進行推論與探討,並期望日後有更多相關方面的研究。臺灣130001.pdf2017 年行為與社會科學
咀嚼口香糖對於記憶力與情緒放鬆的影響臺灣國際科展作品2017 年行為與社會科學大會獎:二等獎國立高雄師範大學附屬高級中學簡聿成;陳桂芳蔡沁錞口香糖,記憶力,情緒放鬆本研究採用受試者內實驗法進行設計,以2*2*2=3個因子(糖分*刺激口味*咀嚼時間),加上2次不同時間咀嚼運動與對照組,一共有11次實驗。每次實驗量測短期記憶與短期工作記憶共6種題項,並透過心律變異器、簡單的腦波偵測儀與問卷調查,瞭解咀嚼口香糖對於情緒放鬆的影響。
研究結果發現:咀嚼無糖口香糖對於數字廣度記憶有較佳的效果,反倒是咀嚼有糖薄荷口香糖時,則數字廣度記憶效果最差,甚至比單純咀嚼運動或對照組來得差。其次,在情緒放鬆上,受試者都認為咀嚼有糖薄荷口香糖,其糖分的味覺與薄荷的嗅覺有助於放鬆情緒,但透過心律變異器量測交感神經活性指數與副交感神經活性指數,反倒是增加緊張與焦慮的情緒。其次,從記憶力與心律變異結果得知-有糖分的口香糖會使得情緒較為緊繃與無法鬆懈,因此導致記憶力也跟著有降低的趨勢。但如果經過咀嚼15分鐘後,再進行記憶力量測時,其情緒較為輕鬆而記憶力也有所提升。
咀嚼口香糖對於記憶與情緒並沒有太大改變增加,因此,本研究建議如果真的有咀嚼口香糖習慣的人,可咀嚼15到20分鐘再進行相關工作,如此將有稍顯幫助工作績效。但咀嚼有糖分與刺激口味的口香糖,可能會造成反效果。臺灣130004.pdf2017 年行為與社會科學
由擬馬克夫鏈探討臺灣地區總統選舉民調臺灣國際科展作品2017 年行為與社會科學大會獎:三等獎臺北市立大直高級中學劉繕榜;胡裕仁余若安;蕭詠芸穩定與變遷,擬馬克夫鏈,媒體選前民調本研究目的主要是設計一套數學模式以探討臺灣地區選民投票抉擇的穩定與變遷,以及媒體的選前民調的準確度分析。研究中以馬克夫鏈分析臺灣地區選民投票抉擇的穩定與變遷,經研究發現臺灣地區選民投票抉擇乃屬於不穩定狀態。
為避免選民因接收到不準確的資訊而改變自身投票抉擇,致影響選舉結果,本研究以科學性方法探討分析了臺灣地區主流媒體公布的民調結果。研究中使用總統選舉的選前民調,透過本研究所提出之「擬馬克夫鏈方法」預測選舉結果,再將此結果與中選會公布的實際選舉結果進行交叉比對以評估其準確度。
本研究希望可以提出有效工具透過逆向工程方法來適時監督媒體,降低可能影響選民投票抉擇的人為操作,讓民調對於選民的投票抉擇有正向幫助;而透過較精準的民調以使未來選舉結果可以更進一步貼近民意,讓臺灣能邁向更好的未來。臺灣130008.pdf2017 年行為與社會科學
實驗探討奈米氣泡水溶液的物理性質臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學大會獎:三等獎國立嘉義高級中學李文堂;侯富議楊承叡;朱耿宏奈米氣泡,界面電位,表面張力將氮、氧、二氧化碳等三種氣體,分別注入水中成為飽和水溶液,將氣體水溶液分裝入塑膠試管中,用超音波洗淨儀以42kHz的頻率振動,可形成奈米氣泡水溶液。利用奈米粒徑及界面電位量測儀測量氣泡的尺寸以及界面電位後,作實驗探討不同尺寸的奈米氣泡對水溶液的磁性、表面張力、折射率、黏滯係數、以及擴散係數等物理性質的影響。
實驗得知:(1)氮和二氧化碳的奈米氣泡的尺寸愈小,水溶液受到的磁力愈大,氧氣則相反。(2)三種氣體水溶液的表面張力都是奈米氣泡尺寸愈小,表面張力愈小。(3)三種氣體水溶液的折射率都是奈米氣泡尺寸愈小,折射率愈大。(4)三種氣體水溶液的黏滯係數都是奈米氣泡尺寸愈小,黏滯係數愈小,110nm的二氧化碳奈米氣泡使水的黏滯係數降低38.8%。(5)三種氣體水溶液都會阻止甘油在水中的擴散,使其擴散係數變小。臺灣160005.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
水波虛擬干涉全像法與光聲成像臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學大會獎:四等獎高雄市立高雄女子高級中學曾柏文曾少茵虛擬干涉全像法,相干性,光聲效應全像攝影運用光波干涉性質呈現物體影像。干涉是波基本性質因此嘗試改以水波當波源,經過全像攝影相同過程來呈現物體影像。
將訊號產生器產生訊號一分為二,一個接到振動器產生水波,用光感測器接收相當於全像攝影物體波,另一個訊號直接以電壓感測器測量作為一虛擬平面參考波,將兩數值相加模擬物體波與參考波干涉,得到一數位化水波全像片。然後以程式計算虛擬平面參考波通過水波全像片,全像片上各個點波源相互干涉結果,成功將影像重建出來。討論影響影像重建變因、鑑別率,將不同位置物體影像一層一層顯示達成斷層掃瞄效果。水波「虛擬干涉全像法」是我們自行發展出來,以關鍵字搜尋並沒有發現類似實驗。
最後將相同原理運用在「光聲成像」,將一調變頻率40KHz光照射在物體上,經光聲效應轉換成聲波,將聲波經由「虛擬干涉全像法」成功呈現物體影像。臺灣160007.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
圓周運動變形之摩擦力與物理建模之探討臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學大會獎:一等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學邱莉華;陳義裕戴子宜;于紹尹摩擦力,數值分析本實驗主要是透過及程式模擬分析,探討變形之阿特午機 在一般狀況下及過渡期 的運動過 程。透實驗,我們找出不同的初始條件對於運動結果影響 ,如質量比、繩長 等。我們透過實驗和數值分析建構變形之阿特午機的模型 。因為 摩擦力和空氣阻對於運動 的影響皆不可忽略,因此 我們 也設計阿特午機和鉛直圓周運動的 實驗以求出兩個影響因素參數, 並將其結果統整於理論分析中。這份研究有助我們了解力學的過程目前我們 也正在進行更詳細的數值分析, 我們也希望能在之 後將變形之阿特午機的理論與實驗結 果合,預測不同變因的實驗結果。臺灣160008.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
利用星團內短週期變星性質與星團運動狀態對疏散星團的性質探討——以英仙座雙星團為例臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立建國高級中學江豪章;林建爭洪辰昊疏散星團,短週期變星,動力學本研究主要目的在於利用現有的天文資料庫搜集星團成員星,並探討疏散星團中短週期變星的類型與空間分佈,以及星團在銀河系中的運動狀態,希望能對疏散星團的演化有更進一步的瞭解。英仙座雙星團在天空中的投影很靠近,以往文獻認為此雙星團可能相互影響,因此我以此天體當研究目標。除了線上天文資料庫檢索結果可以用來分析星團成員及基本物理參數,我還利用青藏天文台來取得觀測資料以填補研究中變星數據的不足。利用2MASS測光數據及蓋亞巡天自行數據,此雙星團我挑選出共約80個成員星,另外我分析了51顆變星,其中有17顆星是經由本次觀測得到的新週期。根據該天體的自行與徑向速度,其運動狀態是以一快一慢的速度朝向銀心運動,並皆以銀心為中心相同方向旋轉,且在垂直銀盤方向同時向下遠離銀盤。臺灣160010.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
奈米濃縮晶片運用於人體體液濃縮之研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學大會獎:四等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學簡麗賢;沈弘俊趙中綺;陳恩庭預濃縮晶片,微奈米流道,人體體液本實驗探討低濃度離子的檢測方法,實驗利用微奈米流道濃縮晶片,將樣本進行濃縮。由於奈米離子選擇性流道對於液體離子導電度,即離子價性有所限制,因此,我們首先測試人體體液的可濃縮性。
我們採用的樣本為血清、尿液、唾液及汗液,研究主軸是將螢光分子加入樣本內,做為濃縮的指示劑,並測試該檢體溶液是否能夠濃縮。藉由濃縮提高待測溶液的濃度,使得在少量檢體、稀薄濃度的狀況下,也可量測樣品內的物質濃度。在檢測方面,我們以具有奈米結構的表面電漿共振技術(Surface Plasmon Resonance, SPR)作為檢測平台。奈米結構表面會因吸附物質的改變,導致表面折射率改變,使得吸收光譜產生位移。因此日後可以依照光譜圖的位移量,推估檢體溶液的離子濃度,期盼此技術能運用於生醫晶片及簡易攜帶型生醫檢測器(Bio-sensor)上。臺灣160023.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
高熵合金Alx CoCrFeNi (x = 0 - 0.4), Al0.5CrFeMnNi, CoCrFeNiMn 和FeCrNi近常數電阻率之研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學大會獎:三等獎;美國材料資訊協會獎國立臺灣師範大學附屬高級中學李柏翰;陳瑞凱周伯衡高熵合金,電阻率,XRD二元合金的電阻率大小取決於合金的有序度的大小,當「無序相」出現時,合金在等莫耳比例混和會有最高電阻率,以CuxAu1-x為例大約為7倍,但是如果「有序相」出現時,例如混和比例為25%(Cu3Au)及50%(CuAu)會出現電阻率大幅度下降現象,甚至接近純金屬元素之電阻率,因此我們猜想如果合金由三元到五元等莫耳比例混和,預期可能會出現類似結果,查文獻後才知道有一種合金叫做高熵合金(五元以上合金)。然而研究結果令人驚訝,我們觀察到極高的電阻率產生,大約為混合法則所得的21倍,以及異常小的電阻率溫度效應,經由XRD探測發現多元合金都有無序相出現,然而在300 K到673 K範圍內電阻率卻接近定值,實驗結果呈現殘留85%的電阻率,表示高熵合金的晶格內有高濃度的本質缺陷(Intrinsic defect)。臺灣160026.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
金山神祕海岸浮石事件解密臺灣國際科展作品2017 年地球與環境科學科大會獎:一等獎;女性地質學家協會獎國立臺灣師範大學附屬高級中學洪逸文;王靖華劉品蘭;歐?鋒浮石,化學組成,搬運方式浮石是一種多孔的火山碎屑岩,氣孔佔總體積很高的比例,因此能浮在水上。本研究針對臺灣新北市金山區神祕海岸所出露沉積層中的浮石進行探討,藉由閱讀文獻、實地考察、採樣、實驗分析等方式,來瞭解浮石的化學組成、礦物種類及可能形成機制與搬運途徑。依照化學成份分析及礦物種類比較結果顯示神祕海岸的浮石與日本、菲律賓的浮石較無關聯,最可能是來自台灣地區並由台灣北部大屯火山系或觀音山噴發所造成。至於其搬運方式,沉積物粒徑大小分析的結果顯示浮石是經由力量強大的海洋搬運作用攜至當地沉積。綜合上述,我們認為金山神祕海岸的浮石最有可能的生成方式為:1867年,由與大屯火山有相同岩漿系統的海底火山噴發出,接著此火山爆發所引發的海嘯將浮石帶至神祕海岸進行沉積。臺灣180001.pdf2017 年地球與環境科學科
淘氣精靈與IOD關聯性之探討臺灣國際科展作品2017 年地球與環境科學科大會獎:二等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學林郁梅;許瑞榮葉冠汝;林柔吟淘氣精靈,IOD,降雨前人研究發現聖嬰南方震盪(El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)和淘氣精靈(Elves)兩者間有顯著關係,顯示淘氣精靈的變化受太平洋上ENSO影響,因此我們想探討淘氣精靈與印度洋震盪(Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD)間是否也存在相似的關聯性。一般以DMI(Dipole Mode Index)代表IOD的發生情形,研究中我們挑出2005年6月2015年11月IOD正負事件時的海溫、雨量、閃電及淘氣精靈進行比較。研究結果顯示淘氣精靈在印度洋上也有震盪的現象,且其趨勢與海溫相同,再將其與雨量變化做比較後,我們推論IOD造成的海溫變化影響了大氣,進一步影響淘氣精靈的發生。臺灣180002.pdf2017 年地球與環境科學科
北極震盪指數與北緯40度以北海溫距平值之相關係數探討臺灣國際科展作品2017 年地球與環境科學科大會獎:三等獎國立內壢高級中學潘建熾;陳佩欣蕭賢毅;宋姵妤北極震盪指數(Arctic Oscillation Index),海溫(SST),相關係數(Correlation Coefficient)研究指出近年中高緯度天氣異常與北極震盪有關,本研究探討過去30年間北極震盪(AOI)、北大西洋震盪(NAOI)與南方震盪(SOI)特性及其間相關性,發現AOI與NAOI全年各月達中度相關以上,代表北極震盪暖相位時,西風有增強的趨勢,有利反聖嬰發展,說明海溫與北極震盪的連結。
分析2004至2013年北緯40度以北海溫資料,以月為單位各海域海溫距平值與AOI之相關係數,結合洋流圖進行區域互動之分析。發現當AOI正相位時,北大西洋暖流有增強的趨勢,與西風增強有關;海溫變化部份,6月、7月北緯85度以上北極海域低溫,應和夏季融冰或冷空氣封鎖極區有關,顯示高緯度海溫與北極震盪間的互動關係。臺灣180003.pdf2017 年地球與環境科學科
搶救台灣國寶石--螺溪石的辨識及其特性之研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年地球與環境科學科大會獎:四等獎彰化縣立陽明國民中學蔡名?;劉鑒毅劉彥?台灣國寶,螺溪石,針鋩螺溪石產於濁水溪流域,是台灣唯一適合製硯的國寶石。本文試著爬梳文獻典籍,透過製硯大師的專訪,到龍神橋、雙龍橋下進行田野調查,並對螺溪石與溪中的頁岩、砂岩、石英岩、礫岩等性質,予以比較研究,總結出辨識螺溪石的七種方法。此外,本研究也發現,螺溪石的岩性近似頁岩,含有少量的綠簾石,屬於輕度的變質岩。經由SEM的觀測與EDS的分析,發現螺溪石的礦物組成與排列成片狀,片狀結構中凸起的部分,主要成分為石英;片狀尾端的結晶形態則為磷灰石,片狀結構與結晶體的尖尖凸起部分,就是螺溪石所具有的針鋩。由於針鋩的分布均勻、縝密,所以容易下墨與發墨。磨出的墨液易被宣紙吸附,色澤黝黑、油亮。實驗顯示,螺溪石的墨液在室溫約-6.8℃左右才會結冰,符應文獻中對優質硯石「歷寒不冰」的讚美。唯有善用台灣國寶石,才能振興台灣的硯石文化。臺灣180012.pdf2017 年地球與環境科學科
確定有限狀態自動機與量子有限狀態自動機之間的轉換與比較臺灣國際科展作品2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科大會獎:二等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學江介宏;黃芳蘭官欣;陳穎自動機,量子計算,資料轉換量子計算的效率相較傳統計算有指數級成長。然而此領域中多數研究皆專注於量子計算的性質本身,鮮少討論如何將傳統環境中的既有資訊轉換至量子環境下。一旦量子電腦實現,受量子效應限制,傳統資料多半不能相容於量子環境中。因此,本研究的目的是發想出一種系統性的演算法以確實跨越量子資訊與傳統資訊之間資料結構的藩籬。我們選擇的計算機模型是確定有限狀態自動機(Deterministic Finite Automaton,簡稱DFA)。
本研究由自動機的轉移矩陣(Transition Matrix)及量子環境要求的可逆性(Reversibility)出發,自傳統DFA一步步轉換至量子有限狀態自動機(Quantum Finite Automaton,簡稱QFA)並進行優化。最終,我們定義出一種新的QFA模型(QDFA)能在量子環境下運行,具有增大的字母表(Alphabet Set)但功能完全等價於DFA(能辨認正則語言)。本研究獨創的演算法的時間複雜度為O(C×N2)。臺灣190003.pdf2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科
英文篇章難易度自動分級之研究臺灣國際科展作品2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科大會獎:三等獎臺北市立第一女子高級中學黃芳蘭;陳信希許湘鈴;任恬儀語法分析,程度分級,語言學習以製作適合高中生的英文篇章難易度自動分級為初衷,本研究採高中英文課文為語料,針對「如何分級」,意即從文章萃取哪些特徵、利用何工具或語料協助萃取特徵、以何工具分級等因素,進行研究與實驗,並建立一套新方法。首先進行前處理,再嘗試以單字、句型的數量或比例、句長、音節長、整合以上分析等各式特徵,支持向量機(Support Vector Machines)、隨機森林分類器(Random Forest Classifier)、決策樹分類器(Decision Tree Classifier)、卷積神經網路句分類器(Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification)等工具,進行將篇章分為高中一、二、三年級等三個難易度等級的測試,建立自動分級模型。最後製作成可供大眾使用的自動分級網頁。各項測試之中,最佳分類效能為整合各項特徵時得到的分類正確率65.04%,經模擬得知,此效能較過去研究,已有所提升。臺灣190005.pdf2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科
NoDistort: Drawing Distortion Recovery System for Shaky Screens臺灣國際科展作品2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科大會獎:四等獎臺北市立建國高級中學李文禮;陳炳宇蘇柏穎Distortion Recovery,Motion Estimation,User Interface在這個智慧型裝置普及的時代,觸控螢幕已經深入人們的生活。隨著手寫輸入法、滑行輸入法等筆跡輸入系統的完善,其也成為人們與裝置互動最重要的工具,卻也常因為搖晃造成輸入的筆跡變形。為了改善人們在不穩定環境下的輸入體驗,本研究提出了“筆跡變形修正系統”。 通過結合內置感應器的資訊,系統估計裝置的運動軌跡,並以提出的屏幕-手指互動模型恢復失真的筆跡。 研究中使用了一種不需要額外儀器的校準方法校正感應器誤差,再套用本研究所開發之變形修正演算法,成功在生活中恢復失真筆跡並證明了其有效性及必要性。經過數代的改進與實驗參數優化,修正效果已大幅提升。臺灣190016.pdf2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科
用於機器人空間建模的仿生認知系統臺灣國際科展作品2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科大會獎:一等獎;英特爾電腦科學獎臺北市立建國高級中學葉昭松;王鼎中葉暘;何政勳仿生工程(Bionic Engineering),認知地圖(Cognitive Map),機器學習(Machine Learning)本研究提出一可用於機器人空間探勘與辨識的仿生機器學習系統。本系統模仿生物大腦的層級性結構,各層級間透過雙向連結進行搜尋辨識與提示,並記憶空間中的感官、場景和位置資訊,分別由以下部分構成:
1. 感官細胞:辨識特定感官輸入類別。
2. 場景基模細胞:組合具方向性的感官細胞數據。
3. 網格細胞:接收移動數據的內在座標系統。
4. 位置細胞:整合感官數據與空間數據、建立拓樸空間認知地圖。
經模擬實驗證明,本系統能在第一次探勘時建立空間認知地圖,並於再次造訪時成功匹配位置細胞進行定位。本系統有異地探勘、在複雜空間中進行路徑與任務規劃等廣泛應用。臺灣190018.pdf2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科
神農菌、嚐百草-利用基因轉殖的大腸桿菌偵測中草藥內的重金屬臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科大會獎:二等獎國立臺灣師範大學附屬高級中學陳紀如;江青釗沈維哲中草藥,大腸桿菌,重金屬偵測中藥一直存有重金屬汙染的疑慮,而目前檢驗這些可疑重金屬的儀器與技術皆需耗費大量金錢與時間,因此研發出簡便快速的偵測工具極為迫切。本研究目的是利用基因轉殖的大腸桿菌,偵測出中草藥內的重金屬。
實驗結果顯示,利用含有銅離子基因轉殖的大腸桿菌,偵測7種常見的中藥材浸膏,除了黃岑之外,其他6種中藥材內可偵測到銅離子,並且具有定量的螢光表現。其中,研究發現由於黃岑本身會有吸附銅離子的現象,因此利用螯合劑EDTA來解決此問題。結果顯示,螯合劑不會影響大腸桿菌的正常代謝,但能成功地將銅離子搶出並誘導細菌產生螢光。最後利用螢光顯微鏡觀察,發現深色的中藥並不會影響大腸桿菌的螢光表現。
未來期望可將本研究初步成果,做更進一步的研究,除了能合成更多不同基因的大腸桿菌,以偵測不同種類的重金屬外,還製成便宜且方便使用的重金屬生物感測器產品,方便民眾檢驗手中的中草藥材,確保所使用的中草藥之安全性。臺灣200006.pdf2017 年環境工程科
晶圓廢棄物處理新方法臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科大會獎:三等獎臺北市立麗山高級中學張堯卿;嚴思羽許富淳矽晶型太陽能板,EVA近幾年已進入太陽模組退役的高峰期,比較現行主要回收方法,在乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)處理過程中會產生危害環境物質,因此研究低毒性、易處理的EVA移除技術,減低環境負擔,是值得開發的技術。研究以上層利用高溫燒斷交聯鍵結,失去交聯的EVA再以二甲苯溶解;下層使用鹽酸輔助水分子與EVA碰撞,破壞聚合單體間的鍵結。水解的過程中產生的溶液,則根據離子特性以沉澱、氧化還原鑑定,以利規劃完整回收再利用。
破壞上層交聯結構所需鍛燒兩次各200℃、1.5小時,再置入二甲苯中震盪2小時,同時可去除背板。水解最佳條件為90℃、10M的鹽酸,在裂隙越多的模組效果越快。使用後的鹽酸中,必定有鋁、鎳離子釋出,導線破損還會溶出銅。依模組狀態分為較完整與破碎,破碎模組水解下層,輔助歐盟回收法;較完整的模組先破壞上層。水解時,產生的鹽酸溶液則利用離子交換樹脂處理,回收並減少二次傷害環境。臺灣200012.pdf2017 年環境工程科
自製高效率簡易水解發酵裝置將纖維素轉化為生質酒精之新製程臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科大會獎:四等獎高雄市立高雄女子高級中學蘇政宏;游宗穎朱子賢;邱靚綸;廖采瀠纖維素,生質酒精,簡易速效水解裝置本研究以不同水解纖維素的方法,包括傳統酸水解、微波及臭氧法,完成效果比較,並以各方法最優勢理論組成最快速且產醣量最高的水解程序。再以麴菌發酵將醣轉為生質酒精,以止逆閥自製簡易即時取樣發酵裝置並研究效率最佳的麴菌酒精發酵,其中速發酵母平均一天酒精生成率高達約90.5%。
藉由基礎水解及發酵研究成功設計一套「低耗能、低成本、低汙染、高效率」自製可攜式簡易水解發酵膠囊進行纖維素水解,轉化為醣後又可在同一膠囊中加入麴菌進行酒精發酵,效果極佳,提升轉換率達63.8%。本研究進一步透過此自製膠囊推廣到廢棄稻草桿、甘蔗渣、甘蔗皮等,皆可得到極佳效果。臺灣200013.pdf2017 年環境工程科
Application of molecular templates on magnetic particles for adsorption and desorption of heavy metals臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科大會獎:四等獎新竹市立建功高級中學王建民李康平Molecular Template,Magnetic Particles,Heavy MetalThis study investigated the production of novel molecular templates, and analyze their adsorption effect on four heavy metal ions (Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Mn+2), which commonly exist in Taiwan's rivers. Different operating conditions (such as competitive adsorption, pH value and other factors) were explored to compare their adsorption effect of heavy metal ions by using the synthesized template molecules. The molecular templates were found to be specific towards their target metal ions with a high adsorption effect. Then combined with the idea of magnetic particles to produce magnetic molecule templates, a maximum amount of adsorption of heavy metal ions up to 95% through the molecular template was achieved while the effect of heavy metals desorption of up to 83% could be also successfully obtained. Experimental results showed that the magnetic molecule templates did not affect the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Not only can they speed up the recovery time of adsorption but the template molecules can also be collected more efficiently. We also proposed three different applications for the developed molecular templates. The development of magnetic molecular template may provide an affordable, highly-efficient way for dealing with heavy metal pollutions.臺灣200018.pdf2017 年環境工程科
The Locus of Mid-Tangent Points of Planar Curves臺灣國際科展作品2017 年數學三等獎Princess Chulabh Science High SchoolMr.Napob NA RANONG;Mr.Ratthaee THEERAKIATSAKUL;Mr.Kasidetch THANYACHAROENIn this project, we defined a mid-tangent point with respect to a fixed point X and a tangent at a point Y on a planar curve C as a point on the tangent that is equidistant from X and Y. We studied the locus of mid-tangent points of conic sections. We found that the locus of mid-tangent points of most conic sections are non-linear curves. However, we observed and proved by using Euclidean geometry that the locus of mid-tangent points of circles are straight lines. The mapping defined by mid-tangent points was studied further. The similarity between a mid-tangent mapping and a stereographic projection was displayed as a one – to – one correspondence function. We also extended the concept of mid-tangent points to three dimensional space and found that the similarity with the stereographic projection was retained in higher dimensions. Finally, we studied the locus of mid-tangent points of a sphere to create a mapping of the sphere to a plane.三等獎泰國010042.pdf2017 年數學
Artificial Photosynthesis -Formic Acid Generated from Carbon Dioxide by Using Photocatalyst-臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學三等獎Ichikawa Gakuen Ichikawa High SchoolHUIYI WU;Seika ShibaReduction of carbon dioxide is desired as an environmental problem of global warming. The study of generation of formic acid from carbon dioxide was performed under irradiation of ultra violet to photocatalyst. Ta2O5 could reduce carbon dioxide, but the band gap of Ta2O5 was 4.0 voltage. In this research, it was found that tantalum oxide / tantalum plate responds to visible radiation. Therefore, the reason of visible light response was examined. It was studied to make efficient tantalum oxide / tantalum plate.三等獎日本030018.pdf2017 年化學
Stop the Spread of Desertification by Agar臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學四等獎Kanagawa prefectural Atsugi high schoolAyano SEKINEThe purpose of this research is to prevent the desertification by using my original “agar sheets”. The dry regions, in other words, the desert has already occupied about forty percent of the surface of the earth (Figure 1). In addition, it is said that land of seven million hectares turn into desert every year. However, we can reproduce the green-bosomed earth by using appropriate means, because this desertification originated in excessive farming, excessive pasturing, and deforestation caused by human beings. I learned “Cape Erimo’s Green Construction Method”, which has succeeded in planting trees in the coast of Japan by using seaweed, and this method led me to use the agar to prevent the desertification, which is a familiar Japanese food made from seaweed. I think that it is possible to prevent the desertification of any conditioned lands by using my original “agar sheets.” 四等獎日本030019.pdf2017 年化學
Reactivity of styrylmalonates as synthetic equivalents of Donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with aldehydes in the presence of BF3?Et2O臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學一等獎Moscow Chemical Lyceum 1303Anna EltyshevaDonor–acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs), which can act as sources of 1,2- and 1,3-zwitterions in the presence of Lewis acids, are widely used in organic synthesis for the preparation of various carbo- and heterocyclic compounds, including natural compounds and their analogues. To date, many types of DACs reactivity have been identified. However, the chemistry of styrylmalonates (isomers of DACs, which can be easily generated from DACs) is almost undescribed and has a powerful synthetic potential. The use of styrylmalonates as synthetic equivalents of DACs allows us cardinally change the known reaction pathways of DACs.
In this work, a new strategy for cascade assembly of substituted pyrenes based on the reactions of styrylmalonates with aldehydes in the presence of BF3?Et2O has been developed. Generation of formal 1,2-zwitterionic intermediates owing to complexation of dicarboxylate groups with BF3?Et2O is the driving force of the reaction discovered. This method makes it possible to assemble pyrenes or 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones in one synthetic stage from readily available starting compounds with high regio- and diastereoselectivity, and use these pyrenes in futher reactions.
We’ve optimized conditions of the reaction and synthesized a number of various substituted pyrenes. Moreover, the reaction shows good results with various aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents. Pyrenes can be easily purified by crystallization. Every product was obtained selectively and determined by full set of physical-chemical methods, including X-ray analysis.
5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one skeleton is found in various natural compounds demonstrating a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as antiviral and antineoplastic.一等獎俄羅斯030022.pdf2017 年化學
[3+3]-annelation of cyclic nitronates with enol diazoacetates臺灣國際科展作品2017 年化學四等獎Moscow Chemical Lyceum 1303Mikhail PyatykhThe purpose of this research is to prevent the desertification by using my original “agar sheets”. The dry regions, in other words, the desert has already occupied about forty percent of the surface of the earth (Figure 1). In addition, it is said that land of seven million hectares turn into desert every year. However, we can reproduce the green-bosomed earth by using appropriate means, because this desertification originated in excessive farming, excessive pasturing, and deforestation caused by human beings. I learned “Cape Erimo’s Green Construction Method”, which has succeeded in planting trees in the coast of Japan by using seaweed, and this method led me to use the agar to prevent the desertification, which is a familiar Japanese food made from seaweed. I think that it is possible to prevent the desertification of any conditioned lands by using my original “agar sheets.”四等獎俄羅斯030023.pdf2017 年化學
Investigating the Effect of Coloured Light on the Behaviour and Learning of Lymnae stagnalis臺灣國際科展作品2017 年動物學二等獎Fraser Lake Elementary SecondaryElizabeth SchulzLymnae stagnalis (pond snail) is emerging as a preferable invertebrate model in understanding neurological mechanisms because of its simple nervous system. A three-cell network mediates behaviours such as aerial respiration and research has shown that small, subtle changes occurring across the network might result in a disruption of natural behaviour (Lukowiak et al. 1995). It is also known that Lymnae features a more developed eye than other molluscs and studies have shown that various wavelengths of light can activate photoreceptors producing distinct electrophysiological responses (Sakakibara et al. 2004). However, no studies have looked beyond the electrophysiological response. The purpose of this project was to determine if coloured light would firstly, elicit a behavioural response as observed in its movement and secondly, affect learning and memory through the operant conditioning of its aerial respiration. 二等獎加拿大050015.pdf2017 年動物學
A Novel Selection Process for the Conversion of Conventional Bacteria into Electrotrophs臺灣國際科展作品2017 年微生物學三等獎Earl MarriottOlivia LiThe redox reactions of bacteria metabolism have been extrinsically studied. These mechanisms allow certain types of bacteria to be able to synthesize extremely valuable extracellular byproducts. Other types of bacteria are able to extract toxic metals from water by donating electrons directly to those aqueous metal ions, thus turning them into solid precipitates. However, the problem of these microorganisms is that their efficiency rates and production speeds are exceptionally low. This study focuses on the properties of electrotrophs, which are bacteria that can feed on pure electrons directly from an electrode (Rabaey et al 2010). Compared to normal organic-feeding bacteria, electrotrophs direct the majority of the electrons obtained to the production of metabolic byproducts (Nevin et al 2010). Therefore, when electrotrophs are employed in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) their metabolic redox reaction efficiency rates are dramatically increased. This makes it possible to produce large quantities of valuable compounds such as hydrocarbons, plastics and medicine or efficiently remediating the environment (He et al 2016). Moreover, the usage of electricity as an energy source compared to conventional organic substrates is immensely cheaper (Rabaey et al 2010). However, not all bacteria are electrotrophs nor do all electrotrophs have favourable metabolic traits. Thus, there is a need for a novel procedure to turn conventional bacteria into electrotrophs which is a crucial step to making the BES an aggressive competitor in the sustainable energy industry.三等獎加拿大070011.pdf2017 年微生物學
Understanding the Modern Diagnoses of Protein C Deficiency "Pcd" with Unknown Gene Plays a Critical Role in the Inherited Thrombophilia臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學三等獎Alkhndaq national Schoolabdullah faisal alzarrougProtein C deficiency (PCD) is found in 1 out of 200 to 500 persons in the general global population which is also one of the common conditions of Inherited thrombophilia, it’s characterized by an increased tendency of blood to clot in human blood vessels. It is caused by several factors including mutations in the genes involved in thrombin binding, protein c activation and numerous clotting factors. This includes F5 (Factor 5 Leiden) gene on chromosome 1q24.2, F7 (Prothrombin) gene on chromosome 13q34, SERPINC1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor C) on chromosome 1q25.2, SERPIND1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor D) on chromosome 22q11.21, HRG (Histidine Rich Glycoprotein) on chromosome 3q27.3, PLAT (Plasminogen Activator) on chromosome 8q11.21 and THBD (Thrombomodulin) gene on chromosome 20p11.21. In the current study, a three Saudi families with inherited thrombophilia has been recruited to identify the underlying cause of this special condition. Whole exome sequencing, targeting all coding exons of the human genome, was performed using Illumina Nextera library preparation kits followed by paired-end sequencing on Illumina NextSeq500 instrument. Reads quality control was performed and reads were aligned to the reference genome using BWA software. Variants calling and annotation was performed using GATK. All known genes involved in causing inherited thrombophilia All known genes involved in causing PCD were excluded by whole exome sequencing. The genes that were previously reported to be involved in inherited thrombophilia were checked for any causative variant. No mutation has been identified in known genes. identifying a novel gene underlying PCD. The Result of this study will hopefully pave the way to better understanding the disease pathophysiology and help in developing DNA based diagnosis, carrier screening and somatic gene therapy.三等獎沙烏地阿拉伯090023.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
Investigation of the Role of Mammalian Siderophore 2,5-DHBA in Neurodegeneration臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學一等獎Hwa Chong InstitutionPoon Wynne HsingLipocalin 2 (LCN2), a 25-kDa secreted protein that belongs to the lipocalin family, is known to bind to a class of bacterial Fe-binding molecules known as siderophores. Iron is essential for bacterial growth. To obtain iron from host cells, bacteria produce siderophores, such as Enterochelin (Ent), to bind and transport host iron into the bacterial cell. In response, the host produces LCN2 to bind the iron-laden enterochelin, forming the tricomplex, LCN2: Ent: Fe3+. This inhibits bacterial growth as iron has been sequestered by LCN2. Devireddy et.al. 2005, proposed the binding of the tricomplex, LCN2: Ent: Fe3+ with the LCN2 receptor (LCN2R). This resulted in the internalisation of the complex, releasing the bound iron into the cell. The increase of intracellular iron was reported to cause cell mortality. Recent publications postulated 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) to be an endogenous mammalian siderophore homologue in mouse in vivo and in vitro studies, which could sequester LCN2 and iron.
High iron concentrations in the brain have been consistently observed in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accumulation of intracellular iron is known to be toxic to neurons, resulting in neurodegeneration. Hence, this study aims to determine the role of 2,5-DHBA as the mammalian siderophore in a cell culture model of neurodegeneration. We hypothesise that addition of 2,5-DHBA to cells exposed to LCN2 will result in increased iron uptake into neuronal cells, reducing cell viability.
SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cell line was used in our study. To determine if SH-SY5Y is a suitable cell line, endogenous levels of LCN2 and LCN2R mRNA and protein expression were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot analysis respectively. Preliminary results showed presence of both the LCN2R mRNA and protein but absence of LCN2 mRNA. This could be due to the low expression of LCN2 when not exposed to stress. Hence, to simulate conditions of neurodegeneration (by inducing high expression of LCN2), SH-SY5Y was treated with Kainic Acid (KA). After KA, LCN2 mRNA and protein expression levels will be detected again. With the successful upregulation of LCN2 gene expression, SH-SY5Y will be treated with 2,5-DHBA with KA treatment to determine cell viability using the MTS cell proliferation assay. A decreased cell viability or increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes would support the function of 2,5-DHBA as a mammalian siderophore in the brain.
Furthermore, KA treatment can also be applied to microglial or astrocyte cell lines, which are known to secrete high levels of LCN2 when treated with KA. Co-culturing these cells with SH-SY5Y can allow us to study the downstream effects of secreted LCN2 from glial cells binding to the LCN2R receptors on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells.
This study will help to further understanding of the relationship between 2,5-DHBA and cellular iron transport. If 2,5-DHBA is able to bind LCN2 and iron to increase intracellular iron levels in the neuronal cells, the formation of the tricomplex, LCN2: 2,5-DHBA: Fe3+, could be targeted for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing intracellular iron levels to help ameliorate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.一等獎新加坡090025.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
Design of a Reflexology System臺灣國際科展作品2017 年醫學與健康科學四等獎ATAST (Tunisian Association For the future Of Science and Technology)Yessmine BEN BRAHIMMany people suffer from aches all over their bodies, whether be it through an injury, inherited features or certain forms of diseases. Going to see a therapist or a specialist can be time consuming and extremely costly. Which is why we’ve decided to develop an automatic system capable of relieving pain in certain areas of the body, all through using reflexology: a form of therapy used to access most of the body using certain parts in the legs, hands and ears.
The problematic this project revolves around is that a high percentage of the world’s population don’t know what to do when they feel aches, as they are oblivious to easy and simple massage techniques. Thus, they will resort to taking therapist appointments which most have neither the time nor the money for.
Our main focus in this project is developing a system that will help decrease the amount of pain people feel in certain areas, mainly the sinus, the back and also relieving some forms of stress. Our device will function by performing massage on pre-determined parts in the foot; the system will also be automatic meaning it will bring comfort to the user without them ever doing any effort, all at the push of a button or through a remote command from their mobile phones. Our system will also be much cheaper than going to a therapist and a lot faster and more comfortable.
To conclude our system offers a modernized version of a therapy technique that has been improved upon and perfected over the years, relieving back pains, sinus pains, stress and many forms of body aches all through our easy to use reflexology system.四等獎突尼西亞090026.pdf2017 年醫學與健康科學
Construction of an Emergency Portable Dynamo Mobile Phone Charging Station by Means of a Hand-Crank Gear Mechanism/ Solar Panels臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學四等獎Philippine Science High School-Main CampusJoshua Kyle Sun-Myung C. KimThe researchers aim to construct an emergency mobile phone charging station that runs on renewable energy and will serve as a cost-efficient alternative to more traditional power banks. Circuit components include a 20V / 6W solar panel supplemented by a hand-crank gear mechanism integrated with a 6V / 1A lead-acid battery, a usb output and an adjustable switch-mode power supply (SMPS) to convert excess voltage into current. Initial voltage and current outputs were measured under varying resistances. It was determined that the set-up satisfied the minimum voltage and current requirement for charging a mobile phone (5V / 1A). A subsequent phone charging test was executed using a Samsung Galaxy J2 (3.85V Li-ion battery 7.70W, Charge Voltage: 4.4V / 2000mAh) wherein it charged on an average of 0.277% per minute for the solar panel and an average of 0.263% per minute for the hand crank gear mechanism. A Mann-Whitney U statistical test was conducted to determine if the charging rate of the charging station had a significant difference from a commercially available power bank’s. The calculated UA: (4) from the test was below the lower limit and the UB: (217) was above the upper limit which indicated that there was a significant difference between the charging rates. While the efficiency was lower than the commercial power bank’s, it can still be used as an alternative charging method especially during emergencies and disasters.四等獎菲律賓100032.pdf2017 年工程學
SeedBot: Low-Cost Seeding Robot for Agricultural Applications臺灣國際科展作品2017 年工程學二等獎USKUDAR AMERICAN ACADEMYALARA GULERThis paper presents a semi-autonomous seeding robot which is based on both electrical and mechanical platforms that perform advance agriculture process. SeedBot composed of four components: drilling mechanism, body of robot, seed container and paving mechanism. Other than those components the sensor system and the control system are also discussed. The aim of this study is designing and building a low-cost robotic system to automate and optimize process during farming especially for personal usage. This study demonstrates that semi-autonomous farming has crucial advantages over conventional farming. In addition to that, SeedBot provides safer, requires less manpower and precise farming than usual methods that we have so far. 二等獎土耳其100035.pdf2017 年工程學
Migration Data-Driven Mathematical Model for New City Growth臺灣國際科展作品2017 年行為與社會科學四等獎Sejong Academy of Science and ARTAHN, MIN;HAN, HYESUNThe growth of a city and the population movement has many correlations. However, the complex interaction causes difficulties in developing a mathematical model needed for analyzing the growth factor of a city and the movement factor of population. The model involving traditional equations cannot explain many phenomenon.
The newly introduced data-science suggests possibilities to overcome these difficulties. Particularly, the abundant amount of accumulated data proposes a new solution for the problem we have. Throughout these steps, data-utilizing methodology, such as machine learning for artificial intelligence, are researched and developed with attention.
In this research, data about accumulated for previous population movement and city growth are collected, and a mathematical science model based on data is developed to explain population movement and city growth by utilizing data analyzing methods such as machine learning. Especially, artificial neural network and stratified advance learning(deep learning) proves possibilities in solving many problems. This research aims to construct an artificial neural network appropriate for population movement and consequently use it in developing population movement model.
Using this model, growth of many existing cities can be explained and furthermore, examining the population movement factor of a city and social factor necessary for city growth become possible. This model is expected to become the tool for resolving overpopulation and predicting and deciding factors needed for a new future city. In spite of decreasing population, it is still important to develop a model for population movement that well explains city growth and environment change.四等獎南韓130014.pdf2017 年行為與社會科學
Determining Crystal Orientation via Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學二等獎Raffles InstitutionClara-Ann Cheng Ling1 Purpose of the Research
Nanocrystal thin films exhibit many useful properties, including electrochromicity and superconductivity. When synthesised via Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), selection of substrate, specifically knowledge of crystal orientation, is critical. Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) is an in situ crystal characterisation method highly compatible with MBE. This study explores a new method of RHEED analysis to determine crystal orientation.
2 Procedure/Theoretical Framework
RHEED characterization is the incidence of a beam of high-energy electrons at a low angle with respect to the sample surface. Electrons diffract, and interfere to form patterns on the detector. Traditionally, studies of RHEED analyse one static image as a representation of the surface structure, or observations of RHEED patterns over time.
The approach to RHEED analysis in this study exploits changes in RHEED patterns given a rotating substrate. Having specific rotational symmetries along different axes, crystal structures can be differentiated by determining rotational symmetry through RHEED. Electrons scatter upon incidence with crystal planes within the crystal to form Kikuchi lines on the RHEED detector (Fig. 2). The orientation of crystal with respect to incident electron beam affects the Kikuchi line patterns. If the crystal is rotated, crystal planes change orientation, and electrons would diffract from crystal planes in different directions. As such, as the crystal is rotated, the Kikuchi lines move. When the degree of rotation of the crystal corresponds to the rotational symmetry of the crystal (Fig. 1), the Kikuchi lines return to their original position. As crystals with different crystal plane orientations exhibit different orders of symmetries, analyzing the Kikuchi line patterns of the crystal at different degrees of rotation can reveal the rotational symmetry and consequently crystal plane orientation of a crystal.
3 Data/Experimental Testing
In order to assess the practical viability of the proposed method, experiments were conducted on SrTiO3 (001), (110), and (111). SrTiO3 exists as a typical perovskite structure (Fig. 3), often used in the synthesis of superconductors via MBE.
3.1 Methodology
RHEED images of each sample were taken at 0?, 60?, 90? and 180?. Curves were fit to each Kikuchi line observed in the image (Fig. 4). These Kikuchi line approximations are compared by superimposing the curves traced and qualitatively assessing the degree of similarity between the Kikuchi lines of 2 images, to verify the order of symmetry and crystal orientation of the crystal.
In the images of the superimposed Kikuchi lines illustrated in Fig. 5, there is similarity between the Kikuchi lines when only when the sample has been rotated by an angle corresponding its degree of symmetry.
4 Conclusions
This study offers a method to determine the crystal orientation of thin film through determining the degree of rotational symmetry of the sample, by observation of Kikuchi lines in the RHEED pattern as the sample is rotated. Experimental data was analyzed qualitatively to verify the viability of this theoretical method in practice. This method could be extended to analyze the symmetry of other crystal structures. As it does not require information on the machine settings or usage of complex functions to produce a reliable output, this method is fast and straightforward, opening doors to more streamlined RHEED analysis. 二等獎新加坡160031.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
How to spill your coffee臺灣國際科展作品2017 年物理與天文學三等獎Wellington High SchoolJack TregidgaWe all do it – walk along with a cup in hand, and carelessly spill it. While it’s usually more annoying than anything else, it happens to affect almost all of us, and little is done to minimise the likelihood of it occurring. So my aim was to explain the physics behind why we spill drinks when we walk, and to investigate how we can minimise the likelihood of this occurring.
I broke this investigation into two distinct parts, explaining the system of the cup, and explaining the effect of walking.
From initial observations, it was clear that the cup was a resonating system. Like any resonating system, the cup has a natural frequency. When the cup is oscillated – moved back and forth – at near this frequency, the size of the liquid oscillations is very large. This is because the acceleration is in phase with the motion of the liquid, so in each cycle maximum energy is input into the system. In my investigation I experimentally measured this natural frequency, and created a mathematical model to explain this frequency. It was also found that as the size of liquid oscillations in the cup increases, so does distortion of the fluid surface, possibly enabling spilling.
To systematically analyse the effect of walking, I had subjects walk on a treadmill, so walking surface and speed were controlled. However, I also needed an accurate way of measuring the motion of a carried cup. Firstly, I tried to use video analysis; however I found this far too imprecise for measuring small changes in velocity of a cup. In the end I used a smartphone to record the acceleration of a carried cup, as acceleration is what causes the movement of liquid in a cup. This allowed surprisingly accurate measurements to be made, and allowed both the size and frequency of the acceleration to be recorded.
In order to relate the system of the cup and the oscillation provided whilst walking I conducted a qualitative experiment into the effect of stride frequency on the likelihood of spilling. When stride frequency was very close to the natural frequency of the cup, spilling occurred almost instantly, while it did not occur if stride frequency was much higher or lower.
In the end, my research showed that to minimise the likelihood of spilling your drink walk slowly, use a narrow cup, focus on walking smoothly, and fill the cup well below the rim. Despite this, some people happen to be much smoother cup carriers than others, likely due to their individual biomechanics. And, if you really don’t want to spill your drink, you can always use a lid.三等獎紐西蘭160032.pdf2017 年物理與天文學
Neolema ogloblini- An agent in the biological control of Tradescantia臺灣國際科展作品2017 年地球與環境科學科一等獎Kerikeri High SchoolAimee LeamingTradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis) is the worst weed in New Zealand. By smothering and shading out seedlings, Tradescantia prevents forest regeneration. Current control methods are ineffective and simultaneously cause harm to native forest. In 2011 Neolema ogloblini, a Brazilian beetle was introduced into New Zealand as a biological control for Tradescantia. To be successful in New Zealand, a country with different environmental factors, the beetles’ ranges of preference (temperature and light intensity) had to be investigated. A gender specific trait also identified, to enable desired sex ratios within founding populations to be selected. [18] This would ensure that the beetles are not released in areas of physiological stress, and can be optimised to have the greatest impact on Tradscantia.
To establish how the intensity of light affects the distribution and amount of Tradescantia eaten by N.ogloblini a choice chamber investigation was conducted. Different layers of shade cloth provided a range of light intensities 150-3450Lux (likely to be found under forest canopy where Tradescantia is problematic). Thirty beetles of a range of sizes and approximately same maturity were randomly distributed through the chambers. Each chamber contained a shoot of Tradescantia with 5 leaves. After a 24hour period the number of beetles in each chamber were counted and the amount of surface area of the leaves eaten measured.
The effect of temperature on the amount of leaf surface area eaten was investigated by selecting 90 beetles of a range of sizes and withholding food for 24hours. Five beetles were placed in each of three containers containing two leaves. Each trial container was precooled/warmed to the test temperature before the beetles were added. Leaves of a similar size, shape, mass and maturity were used. All leaves were genetically identical and collected from the same location. Sets of three containers were held in the dark at the following temperatures for 24hours: 9°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C. The surface area of leaf eaten at each temperature (mm2) was calculated.
Lastly, microscopic dissections were conducted, using 32 beetles ranging in size, to establish if length (measured from the top of the head to the base of the abdomen) could be used as a phenotypic marker to identify beetle gender.
While only a very weak positive relationship between increasing light intensity and the number of beetles was found a significantly higher area of leaf was eaten at a light intensity of 3450Lux compared to 150Lux. The amount of leaf area eaten is significantly reduced at temperatures of 15?C and below, and significantly increased at 35?C. There is no significant difference in the amount of leaf area eaten when comparing temperatures between 20-30?C. Females have on average a larger body length (median=4.92mm) than the males (median=4.215mm).
Therefore, sites with warmer temperatures in dappled light conditions (3450Lux) should be prioritised for the release of N.ogloblini, as this is the location in New Zealand at which their use as a biological control will be optimised. Beetle length can be confidently used to select desired gender ratios.一等獎紐西蘭180019.pdf2017 年地球與環境科學科
The impact of climate variability on infectious disease臺灣國際科展作品2017 年地球與環境科學科二等獎Herzelia Middle SchoolJoseph SweijdDiarrhoea is an infectious disease that claims many lives (particularly among infants) and is known among many other infectious diseases, to have a relationship with climate. This projects quantifies this relationship by comparing health insurance treatment claims for diarrhoea and anti-diarrheal drug sales data from the private health sector with temperature and rainfall data provided by the South African Weather Service.
The data were then analysed and show that incidence is highly seasonal and varies among regions with different seasonal climates. The results show that climate variability can explain 73% of diarrhea incidence variation with rainfall explaining 8% and minimum temperature explain the other 65 %. Preliminary predictions of future monthly percentage increases in incidence were then made for a series of time ranges. This project demonstrates that with predicted climate data one can predict future variations of diarrhoea allowing the health sector to be adequately prepared.二等獎南非180020.pdf2017 年地球與環境科學科
EmerApp+: An innovative application for personal security臺灣國際科展作品2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科三等獎CBTis No. 103Carlo Alejandro Zavala Morales;Martin Andres Gomez ReynaEmerApp+ is software designed for intelligent devices as a personal security database manager. In case of emergencies, it is an application which integrates location, tracking, and communication tools.
It is triangulated between a database to a communication server as well as a second which is NASA server that offers climate and seismic information for Mexico. This application has two sources of communication, SMS messages and a newly created social network. In case of natural disasters, an extension for drones has been developed for this application, enabling rescue teams to delimit the land boundary where the disaster struck. In order to speed up the search and rescue operations a triangulation of network-drone- smartphone is completed.三等獎墨西哥190021.pdf2017 年電腦科學與資訊工程科
Green Wastewater Treatment: Using Graphene Oxide produced from Date Pits to Degrade Organic Dyes via Novel Microwave Technique臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科四等獎Abha Highe School-Abdulaziz Yahya AlshahraniWater treatment is considered as one of the top research priorities in Saudi Arabia. It has been reported by World Health Organization that, 50,000 people die every day from diseases caused by contaminated water. This research attempts to degrade organic pollutants present in wastewater by using Graphene Oxide synthesized from Saudi natural source. Physical activation of date pits was carried out by carbonizing the samples at different temperatures to produce active carbon. Hammer’s method was employed for the purpose of Graphene Oxide production. The resulted Graphene Oxide has been characterized using FT-Raman, XRD and SEM techniques. Methylene Blue (MB) dye was used as a model organic pollutants to examine the ability of Graphene with the aid of a microwave-system to remove such pollutants. A modified domestic MS furnace with a variable power was used to supply microwave energy. The MB solution 2.5x10-6M was mixed with 0.1gm of Graphene Oxide. The applied microwave power was ranged between 100 to 700 W and the time was set between 0 to 12 minutes. The samples were centrifuged and then filtered through a millipore filter to remove the Graphene Oxide dispersed particles. It is found that, 98% of the initial concentration of MB is removed effectively within 12 minutes under microwave power of 500 W. Chemical oxygen demand is shifted from 450 to 87 mg/L while biological oxygen demand was decreased from 270 to 12.8 mg/L which indicating the degradation of organic constituents. This method can be used for water purification from organic pollutants.四等獎沙烏地阿拉伯200021.pdf2017 年環境工程科
Extracting Water from Humid Air Using Solar Energy in Humid Areas臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科二等獎Almoatasim SchoolSaeed Abdullah Alzahrani;Osamah Abdullah AlzahraniThe study aims to evaluate the technique of extracting water from humid air using solar energy through greenhouses in local areas. This technique is believed to provide limited amount of water in areas where potable water is not accessible or abundant. To solve this problem a pyramid-shaped device was designed, it is made of glass panels ad equipped with glass doors, fans operated by solar energy, and multiple shelves covered with fabric to act as Absorbent Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) with a 30% concentration. The doors are open during the night for absorption and closed during the day for energy-generating. Humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure are measured every two hours. The amount of water extracted in this area in one full day was around 3.0 liters a day for every square meter. Perhaps the limited amount of water is due to low level of humidity in the area: an average of 50% and temperature of F10 Celsius at night. However, the device itself is independent, does not need power sources, water sources, or infrastructure, can be installed in various places depending on humidity level as well as having the possibility of increasing number or size of device. This makes the device a promising, alternative and environmental friendly solution to produce water. Cost-effective and lighter material can be used to make the device, which will produce an easy-to-use and affordable devices. It is an area in need for further research to improve and further develop it.二等獎沙烏地阿拉伯200022.pdf2017 年環境工程科
Powerless Shack Cooler臺灣國際科展作品2017 年環境工程科四等獎Hoerskoool BergvlamJohann NaduvileparambilPurpose of Project:
To save energy and to help the underprivileged with a cooler that uses no electricity to make their lives better.
Procedure/method followed:
STEP 1: Collected 28, used, 2 litre plastic bottles.
STEP 2: Chose the window with the best wind flow. Measured the size of the window and the room chosen.
STEP 3: A sturdy thick polystyrene board was cut to the size of the window. Holes were drilled to the rim size of the bottles spacing them according to the body size of the bottles.
STEP 4: Bottles were cut in half.
STEP 5: The bottle necks were slid through the holes with the necks open to the inside of the room and the bodies open to the outside.
STEP 6: Fixed a thermometer in the room and measured the temperature and recorded it.
STEP 7: Fixed the Powerless Shack Cooler with the necks of the bottles open to the inside and the bodies open to the outside of the room.
STEP 8: The temperature variation was checked and recorded every 30 minutes for 3 hours.
STEP 9: Another room of the same size and window was also chosen. Fixed a thermometer and temperature variation was checked and recorded every 30 minutes for 3 hours. This served as the control of the experiment.
Data/results:
The room temperature decreased over time inside the room where the Powerless Shack Cooler was installed onto the window. But the control room maintained the initial room temperature although slight fluctuations in the room temperature were observed over time.
Conclusion:
The hypothesis was supported.
As the air molecules moved through the bottles, it bounced off each other, and off the walls of the container, holding the air. A small volume of air passed at a high velocity. When the molecules moved faster the collision became more often. These collisions and the push increased air pressure.
When the container’s space was getting smaller, the molecules picked up speed and the temperature went up. When the air was released out into the room, the volume suddenly expanded. The intermolecular spaces became larger; so less agitation and vibration of molecules took place. The molecules moved slowly. The room temperature reduced. Air inside the room became cooler. During the adiabatic expansion, air molecules used heat energy from the room and converted it into kinetic energy for faster movement.四等獎南非200023.pdf2017 年環境工程科